In the study, significant knockdown of TNF levels by administration of these nanoparticles was first demonstrated in vitro in stimulated peritoneal macrophages isolated from C57BL/6J mice.

Cytological evaluation of the peritoneal fluid showed that it predominantly consisted of lymphocytes, macrophages, and reactive mesothelial cells; few neutrophils were present in the fluid (Fig.

In vivo perturbations and single-cell RNA-seq reveal cell-type-specific STAT1-IFNg signaling in regulation of trained immunity in tissue-resident immune cells.