Summative assessments gauge student achievement after the completion of learning activities. While many of these are common such as exams, projects and essays, there are a larger variety of ways to ...

The most important question to ask ourselves when designing summative assessments is ... where students apply academic learning to real-life situations. For example, instead of a research paper on a ...

It is the use of the assessment that makes it formative. If evidence of student achievement is not used to adapt instruction or to give feedback to students to improve their learning, it is summative.